The Struggles of Immigrant Women in the Early Twentieth...

Between the years of 1840 and 1914, about forty million people immigrated to the United States from foreign countries. Many of them came to find work and earn money to have a better life for their families. Others immigrated because they wanted to escape the corrupt political power of their homelands, such as the revolution in Mexico after 1911. Whatever the case, many found it difficult to begin again in a new country. Most immigrants lived in slums with very poor living conditions. They had a hard time finding work that paid enough to support a family. Not only was it difficult for immigrant men, but for women as well. Immigrant women faced many challenges including lack of education and social life as well as low wages and poor†¦show more content†¦When Sara is out selling herring to earn money for dinner, she says, â€Å"Nothing was before me but the hunger in our house, and no bread for the next meal if I didn’t sell the herring.† This shows just how de sperate Sara and her family are for money to put food on the table. Many immigrant families struggled to make ends meet even with all the members of their families working. They had to live in tenements and endure poor living conditions because they used the little income that they received to pay for food. In the book, the family’s kitchen at dinner time is described by saying, â€Å"The stove was cold. No food was on the table.† The Smolinsky family struggles to put food on the table every night, so they could not think about sending one of their daughters to school when they desperately need money themselves. Women were simply not given the opportunity to educate themselves and therefore it was hard for them to pursue any sort of career in America. With the lack of education for these women, it also took away from any kind of social life they may have had. It was hard for a young immigrant woman to go out and find a fitting husband because she was always working to support her family. Many families could not afford to let their daughters get married because that would mean less income for them. Several fathers only wanted to marry off their daughters toShow MoreRelatedA Fierce Discontent By Michael Mcgerr, The Jungle By Upton Sinclair And Industrial Workers911 Words   |  4 Pagesrevolution changed many things in America, and roles began to shift. Many farmers moved their families into the cities and began working in factories. Not only did men work in these factories, but many women did as well. During the beginning of the twentieth century we begin to see a huge rise in women in the work force. In the novels A Fierce Discontent by Michael McGerr, The Jungle by Upton Sinclair and Industrial Workers in Chicago by Lizabeth Coh en, each author paints a picture of what lives ofRead MoreNew Era Of The United States1571 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst arose in the eighteenth century, but was used in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to describe the growing number of immigrants in the United States. From 1900 to 1915, â€Å"more than 15 million people† immigrated to the United States, ushering in a new era of Americans (Library of Congress). Furthermore, there was a shift in the countries from which immigrants were arriving. These changes characterized the first half of the twentieth century, as immigrants struggled to assimilate toRead MoreThe And The Little Difference Within The 20th Century993 Words   |  4 PagesMigration has always been a controversial theme since the early twentieth century not only because of it’s complex historical development, but also it is related to and can be influenced by various social issues such as social status, gender, and society’s attitud e towards immigrants. The aim of this essay is to argue the how the similarities and the little difference within them of the characters in literature play the role in theme of migration. The first similarity is that Antonia and JanieRead MoreWomen Were Not For The Public World1110 Words   |  5 PagesIn the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it was widely believed that â€Å"women were not suited for the public world† (p.493). It is no secret that women were treated less than a man, and that belief proves it. Women took a stand for themselves by creating groups for women with similar beliefs to come together and show the world that they are equal to men. The groups they established aided the community in several different ways. Some supported local public places and others passed lawsRead MoreLangston Hughes : The Black Writers Of The Harlem Renaissance1488 Words   |  6 PagesIn the early twentieth century, many blacks who lived in the South moved to the North to find a better way of life. Many families landed in Harlem, New York and the neighborhood eventually became rich in Black culture and traditions. The mixture of cultures, heritag e and traditions eventually lead to an explosion of Black creativity in music, literature and the arts which became known as the Harlem Renaissance. As with many transitional time periods in United states History, the Harlem RenaissanceRead MoreDesert Immigrants: The Mexicans of El Paso 1880-1920 by Mario Garcà ­a1119 Words   |  5 PagesDesert Immigrants: The Mexicans of El Paso 1880-1920 analyzes and discusses the Mexican immigrants to El Paso, Texas. The most western city of the vast state of Texas, a city in the edge of the Chihuahuan desert; a place too far away from many regions of the United States, but as Mario Garcà ­a explains a very important city during the development of the western United States. He begins explaining how El Paso’s proximity to different railroads coming from Mà ©xico and the United States converged thereRead MoreCivil Rights and Civil Liberties1356 Words   |  6 Pagesof the twentieth century, segregated schools were common in the United States. Most Southern White schools had the best facilities, resources, books and teachers while Black schools received little funding and support. Vocational training was also limited to Blacks although the populations of White and Black children were nearly identical. Asian Americans also suffered from racial segregation and expulsion during the early twentieth century. In West Coast, the earliest Asian immigrants were ChineseRead MoreA Critical Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1051 Words   |  5 Pagesworker and a leading author of women’s issues. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s relating to views of women s rights and her demands for economic and social reform of gender inequities are very famous for the foundations of American society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In critics Gilman ignored by people of color in the United States and attitudes towards non-northern European immigrants (Ceplair, non-fiction, 7). â€Å"Gilman developed controversial conception of womanhood†, by DeborahRead MoreCivil Right Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesTV. Civil Right: The WWII can be recognized at the origin of the period when United States started it political and economical dominant compare to other nations. WWII reshaped Americans’ understanding of themselves as a people. The struggle against Nazi tyranny and its theory of a master race discredited ethnic and racial inequality. Originally promoted by religious and ethnic minorities in the 1920s and the Popular Front in the 1930s, a pluralist vision of American society now becameRead MoreHarriet Tubman: The Underground Railroad Conductor1286 Words   |  5 PagesHarriet Tubman: The Underground Railroad Conductor The American dream and racialization are certainly some of the most intriguing concepts both in the historical and contemporary American attitude. They represent an embodiment of struggles, pain, hope, and optimism. American history has both in the ancient and present circulated around the subjects of hope and optimism, regardless the circumstances. Numerous accounts of magnificent and iconic historical features surface in this unfolding of events

The Marxist Concept Of Communism - 1735 Words

To properly understand the Marxist concept of communism, one must start where Marx himself does, with an understanding of the evolution and revolutions that created the current class system. Unlike Rousseau and Hobbes, Marx does not begin with a hypothetical human state of nature, but instead recounts the human history of hierarchy, saying, â€Å"the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles† (Marx, 14). He then traces these struggles, from ancient Rome to the problems of his own age, proving that no matter the time period or circumstances, in all recorded history the upper and lower classes have constantly been at odds. This has resulted in an ever changing power structure, the oppressed toppling their†¦show more content†¦Instead of the laborer creating a product, and then reaping the benefits of his own labor, under the bourgeoisie the worker is forced to do menial labor to create products he will never own. Marx categorizes this wo rking class as â€Å"a class of labourers, who live only so long as they can find work, and work only so long as their labour increases capital† (Marx, 18). Marx asserts that the capitalist system forces the worker to sell himself as nothing more than labor, dehumanizing and devaluing himself with every product he creates. According to Marx this causes the worker to lose all individual character and become nothing more than an appendage of the machine (Marx, 18). In Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Marx further explains the concept of alienation, describing three main types: alienation from the product of labour, alienation from the act of production, and finally alienation from one’s own humanity. Marx begins by discussing alienation from the product of one’s labor, because it is the root of all alienation. A laborer, when creating a product, must give a part of himself to it, however, that piece of himself can never be owned by him. Therefore, it is turned into something forging to him. As a worker produces more and more he gives up more and more of himself, â€Å"the worker puts his life into the object; but now his life no longer belongs to him but to the object† (Marx, 29). However, the worker has no choice but toShow MoreRelatedCommunism And Marxist Ideologies And The Soviet Union912 Words   |  4 PagesI aim to address the reason why communism and Marxist ideologies were unsuccessfully received in post war Poland. I will be arguing *that Marxism was made into a tool of oppression by the Soviet Union, and therefore became illegitimate in itself. I intend on arguing this theory by investigating the goal of the Soviet Union. In addition to this I will identifying instances where the Soviets and communist puppet parties in Poland had strayed from traditional Marxist ideologies. Finally I will recognizeRead MoreMarxist Theory on Crime and Punishment Essays742 Words   |  3 PagesK1 Danielle  K Marxist  Theory  and  Crime  and  Punishment Throughout  human  history  countless  philosophers  have  risen  with  what  they  thought  to  be  the best  form  of  government  for  society  as  a  whole.  Ã‚  Karl  Marx  may  be  the  most  influential  philosopher  in Russian  history.  Ã‚  According  to  The  Free  Dictionary,  Marxism  is  the  concept  that  Ã¢â‚¬Å"class  struggle  plays  a central  role  in  understanding  societys  allegedly  inevitable  development  from  bourgeois  oppression  under capitalism  to  a  socialist  and  ultimately  classless  society†Read MoreCha Roy : Ideas On Communism Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pages MN Roy : Ideas on Communism In early 20th century, the Indian society suffered serious conflict against colonialism. So, there was need for a sustainable political model that would guide the society towards freedom from the colonial rule. Many political thinkers emerged at that time and there were persistent debates between different ideologies and thoughts regarding the same. One such thinker was MN Roy. He strongly believed that any major political change must end with a revolution and a revolutionRead MoreMarxist Criticism Is Always Concerned with the Class Struggle in History.1525 Words   |  7 Pagesand forming a classless society of their own. While offering a critique of communism in general, the book also serves to act as a mirror of Soviet Russia under Stalin. As reflected throughout the text, it was no secret Orwell considered Russia, and consequently Communism, a counter-revolutionary force that would inevitably become corrupted by greed and power. Indeed, perhaps in order to go further in offering a Marxist reading of the text, it is necessary to pass judgement on the author and theRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto And Das Kapital1507 Words   |  7 Pagesafter the paper was shut down, he went to Paris to co-edit a new political review. Marx adopted an extreme form of socialism which called for a revolution by the working class that would tear down the capitalist world. This ideology will be known as communism. In Paris, he befriended Friedrich Engels, a fellow Prussian who shared his views and was to become a lifelong collaborator. In 1845, due to his writings and ideas, Marx was removed from France and settled in Brussels. There, Marx renounced his PrussianRead MoreMarxist Theory On Capitalism And Communism1468 Words   |  6 PagesMARXIST MATERIALISM Marx was a philosopher and economist. He developed the concept of materialism to study the material things in society, i.e. the economy, that shape and affect the social life of individuals. Marx studied the work of Hegel, however rejected his predecessor’s focus on ideals because he recognized an essential connection with the problems of society and individuals and the material conditions of the society (Ritzer 2011: 21). Marx employed materialism in two facets of his theoreticalRead More Marxism and Religion Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pagesreligious phenomena.†[2] Karl Marx felt that there was nothing to be â€Å"distinguished between religious belief and superstition.†[3] In Marx’s writings and teaching he has a sort of war with different religions who disagree with his teachings. In Marxist teaching there are many levels in which debate occurs between Marxism and religion, such as, individually, within the family atmosphere, and in society at a n ational and international level. At an individual level there are many argumentsRead MoreThe Bolsheviks and Marxism1354 Words   |  5 Pageswhich highlights the hazy and unfixed nature of Marx and Engle’s writings on the ultimate, classless society they envisioned. Further, what they did write is subject to the differing interpretations by numerous socialist parties all claiming to be Marxist. As discussed earlier, Lenin claimed he simply reshaped Marxism to fit the conditions of Russia. Others argue his interpretation was not true Marxism at all. However, the basic principles of a socialist state in the eyes of Marx’s are outlined inRead More A Communist Society Essay example1053 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans find themselves living in today. Communism is a term of ancient origin and is not a form of political party, but a type of socialism where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Therefore, the individual members of this, foreign, society blend into one greater popul ist all striving to succeed the same goal. In a communist neighborhood everyone shares and there is no wealth, or poverty, no social status at all. This concept of communism comes from a man, Karl Marx, the author ofRead MoreMarx And Engels s Critique And Critique Of Capitalism1669 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant to remember that Marx and Engels lived in a very different era than today’s society, and the concept of capitalism may have arguably changed quite a lot over time. Therefore, the principles found in the Manifesto may often have to be refurnished and reapplied to fit different economic environments. The Communist Manifesto is a political pamphlet outlining the primary principles and goals of communism along with a comprehensive critique of capitalism. Primary to their argument is the proposition

Analysis Of The Story Everyday Use - 1216 Words

â€Å"Everyday Use† From the beginning, the story is being told from the point of view of the mother. She introduces her two daughters, Dee and Maggie. She starts by comparing how much smarter Dee is compared to maggie and herself: She used to read to us without pity; forcing words, lies, other folks habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. She washed us in a river of make believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn t necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwits, we seemed about to understand (Walker 492) Compared to Maggie, Dee is describe as the smarter, witty, beautiful, more outgoing daughter. Her mother also says that Dee has style. She is into the news and reading which definitely sets her apart from the other members in her family. It almost seems as if she looks down on the rest of her family. Although raised in the same household with the same set of rules and standards, Maggie is much more shy and does not have the confidence that Dee does and can’t even look a person in the eye. As the story goes on, the mother tells how she received help from the church in raising money to send Dee off to college. The story starts to build when Dee plans to come home for a visit. On this particular day, the mother and Maggie wait out in the yard for Dee to pull up. When she finally arrives, the family is blindsided by Dee’s new look. Her motherShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Story Everyday Use 872 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Everyday Use† there is a dilemma, t aking place between a mother and her two daughters. As the story progresses we tend to see how the mother acknowledges the extreme differences between her daughter’s character traits and overall personalities. Even with understanding that one daughter is completely different from the other, mama, strategically is able to display love and compassion for both. However, by the end of the story, mama makes a drastic decision to favor one, due to the overly aggressiveRead More(A Critical Analysis of Alice Walker’s short story Everyday Use)700 Words   |  3 PagesAntojos de Mis Ojos (A Critical Analysis of Alice Walker’s short story Everyday Use) Albert Camus once asserted: â€Å"Men are never convinced of your reasons, of your sincerity, of the seriousness of your sufferings, except by your death. So long as you are alive, your case is doubtful; you have a right only to their skepticism.† In Everyday Use a strong willed mother tries to protect her younger daughter, Maggie, from having a quilt passed down for generations stolen from her by her materialisticRead MoreAn Analysis Of Kate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour And Everyday Use 795 Words   |  4 PagesTia Howard Professor Dr. Prince-leaf English 28 November 2016 Identity In the stories â€Å" The Story Of an Hour† by Kate Chopin and â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker; The two main character’s, Louise Mallard and Dee Johnson, live in a world faced with a challenge of questioning on the life they have been accustomed to for years. Furthermore, this causes one to feel oppressed, and the other one to feel they have to live a different life in order to feel fulfilled. Ultimately, not being able to feel fulfilledRead MoreSame Theme, Different Development in of Virginia Woolf and Alice Walker’s The Legacy and Everyday Use690 Words   |  3 PagesWoolf and Alice Walker’s The Legacy and Everyday Use, both of them have the common that is the theme of the story carries â€Å"the heritage† issue but the focus of it is different. In The Legacy, the focus of the heritage was a relic diary of Angela for her husband. Implicitly, we can conclude that the heritage was meant to be recognition of Angela to her husband. While the focus in Everyday Use, the focus of the heritage was the quilts, and in the final story we could see the truth meaning of heritageRead More Analysis of Patches: Quilt and Community in Alice Walkers Everyday Use693 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Patches: Quilt and Community in Alice Walkers Everyday Use In a critique titled â€Å"Patches: Quilt and Community in Alice Walker’s ‘Everyday Use’† (Short Story Criticism: Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of Short Fiction Writers, 1990), the authors reveal that tradition and the explanation of holiness were key elements throughout the story. The writers began the analysis by discussing the significance of a quilt; a quilt is a complete piece of artwork that is essentially madeRead MoreAnalysis Of Walker s Everyday Use863 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† The short story â€Å"Everyday Use,† by Alice Walker, contains multiple different literary elements. History and heritage play a key role in the development and conclusion of this rather intriguing story. Although history and heritage are important, the driving factors of this story are the literary elements. In particular the elements of symbols, characterization, and point of view in this story are significant. The use of symbols in this short story provide a deeperRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Heritage in Everyday Use829 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Everyday Use † by Alice Walker the exact setting is never revealed and therefore, can only be guessed, but it has been guessed that the story takes place on a country side in Georgia. At one point in the story Augusta is mentioned. The time is also estimated to be during the Civil Rights Movement around the year of 1973. Mrs. Johnson, along with her two daughters, reside in a small three room house, and take pride in there small yard. As Maggie and Dee grow older they start to realize howRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Everyday Use By Alice Walker1083 Words   |  5 PagesUse (Literary analysis on Everyday Use by Alice Walker) Everyday many people use the same things such as phones, cars, sinks, washer, refrigerators, and etc. In 100 years would you can future ancestors still have those things but only use them as decoration or use them still no matter how old they are because that is what they are made for? Everyday Use by Alice walker is a story of an African American family that had two daughter that live a very different reality. Maggie being scarred from aRead MoreAnalysis Of The Flowers, By Alice Walker1525 Words   |  7 PagesAlice Walker grew up. She has written stories about her life, and stories that have had an impact on her life based on how she grew up. The two short stories The Flowers and Everyday Use have a common theme of feeling comfortable, safe, and at peace when one is home. Walker uses diction, syntax, and characterization to develop this common theme in her writing. A house is a safe comfortable place where one can feel at peace and in The Flowers and Everyday Use, the author Alice Walker develops theRead MoreEssay on A Psychological Analysis of Alice Walkers Everyday Use883 Words   |  4 PagesA Psychological Analysis of Alice Walkers Everyday Use  Ã‚     Ã‚   The human mind is divided into three parts that make up the mind as a whole. These parts are necessary to have a complete mind, just as the members of a family are needed to make up the entire family. The use of components to equal a whole is often exercised in literature. Alice Walkers short story, Everyday Use, contains the idea of family and of the mind, therefore her work can be evaluated through psychological methods. Through

Ecology Lab Report Essay Example For Students

Ecology Lab Report Essay IntroductionAn organism has several ways to avoid being prated upon. One way to avoid this is to practice crptis. Crypis is the action of organisms avoiding predation by blending in with their backgrounds and matching the color pattern of a bark, twigs or leaves. Palatable animals often utilize this strategy as well. Another type of defense is aposematism or warning coloratio. Organisms that produce noxious chemicals or accumalate them from food plants, advertise the fact that they are harmful with conspicous color patterns. Mimicry is the resemblence of an organism toward some other organism or an object inthe enviroment, evolved to decieve predators or prey into confuding the organism with that which it mimics. The prey involved within this experiment utilized mimisry as their defense stategy. Batesia mimicry, Mullerian mimicry, and aggressive mimicry are all various forms of mimicry. Batesian mimicry is a resemblance of an unpalatable species (model) by an edible species (mimic) to decieve predators. Mullerian minicry is a mutual resemblance of two or more conspicuousyly marked upalatable species to enhance predator avoidance. Aggressive mimicry is a tactic that enables predators to avoid being detected by their prey or even to attract prey. The type of mimicry that was utilized within this experiment is Batesian mimicry. The purpose of thsi experiment is to observe predators or in this case birds, and determine whether or not mimicry developed based on the fact that the birds learned about what was really going on. Mimicry doesnt always develop,. The predator must be smartiin order to realize that some are tasteful, while others are distasteful. Our predators can determine this by realizing that a color strategy is being put to use. The null hypothesis for this experiment is that if the dont eat or remove most of the red larvae which happens to be 100%palatable, by the end of the week, then they did not realize that mimicry has occured. These hypothesis are based on the assumption that the birds realized that the red larvae are more tasteful , while the blue and lime larvae were often distasteful. The focus of this experiment is to find out whether or not mimicry developed and whether the birds either learnt from the effects of mimicry or caught on to the color pattern. Materials and MethodsThe proce dure that was utilize from this experiment was very time consuming and involved an assortment of small procedures. The first step was to decide upon the different colors of the food, and which speculate on whch colors would be most efficient for the experiment. In our case we choose red,which represented a kind of dangerous color, blue which was still dangerous but a little more attractive than red and lime which seemed like a nice friendly color. After than the ratios between the models were agreed upon based upon what we thought the colors would represent toward the birds. The pattern that was used is pattern A. The red color had 100% mimicry, (palatable) and 0% for models (unpalatable). The blue color had 75% mimicry (palatable) and 25% for models (unpalatable). The lime had 25% mimicry and 75% for models (unpalatable). After that decision making the class broke up into different groups to facilitate the larvae making process. The class divided into mixers, cutters,those that wou ld make the charts fort what food would be place outside the food net and various other job titles. The mixers had to mix lard with 1.66g as much flour, quinine sulfate, to give the unpalatable taste, and food coloring in order to produce the larvae. After all the mixing was done it was then put into the refrigerator. Shortly after, the different lard combinations began to be placed out on wax paper awaiting the cutters. The cutters began cutting the lard combinations into reasonable sizes for the predators to feed upon, about 1.5cm. The palatable and unpalatable were distiguished by the by the addition of quinine sulfate to the unpalatable portion. It was paramount that the students handeling the unplatable, didnt deal with the palatable larvae for this could some how utler the results if there were more unpalatable ones than there were supposed to be. The rest of the class was to create random arrays to which the food was to be placed. These arrays are specific intructions as to w here each larvae was to be placed. For example blue unpalatable would be next to the lime palatable. By this idea, each day would have a different deployment and retrieval data. Every student was then assigned to a specific time slot, so they could either deploy the larae, or retrive the remaining data, or both deployment and retrieval on the same day but diffrenet times. The procedure of this experiment was veru time consuming, but the team effort in the class realy simplified the procedure in numerous ways. The materials for this experiment were also numerous. This experiment required water proof paper to write down data from the retrieval and deployment, in case if it rained and a thermometers to moniter the experiment. A feeding tray was used to deploy the food outside in the bird feeder. A large mixing bowl was used for mixeing the lard and flour, while meduim size bowls were used for mixing quinine sulfate and the required colors. Cookie pressors were utilzed for seperating the paltable from the unpalatable and making them ooze out into single rows in oerder to be measured by 15 cm rulers into eatable pieces and then cut with razor blades. Weighing trays spoon and top loading balances were used to make and mesure the larvae. 2kg/5lb of white flour along with 1kg/2lb of lard were the main components of the larvae, in addition to quinine sulfate and food colorig. The larvae were placed into little plastic petri dishes by the specific intructions laid out by the arrays. The feeing arra y charts were arranged on the waterproof paper and marked with marking pens. Disposable gloves, wax paper, and masking tape assisted the making process of making the food easier. A refrigerator was utalized for the storage of prepared petri dishes with larvae. The chi-sqare analysis and graphs, will help analyze how many larvae were removed or remained at the end of each deployment/retrieval period. ResultsThe results of this kind of experiment are typically used to either prove a null hypothesis (H) or approve an alternative hypothesis (H). The chi-square analysis is an effective means to prove or disprove hypothesis. The total # of prey removed for day 1 was 3. The # of red larvae deployed was 64. The observed removed from the red larvae was 2. The expected removed was 64*3/200 =.96. This was calculated frm taking the total amount deployed times the total amount of larvae that was observed as being removed, divided by the total amount of larvae deployed in that day. THe chi-square analysis for the red larvaewas (2-.96)^2/.96 = 1.1. For day one, the blue larvae deployed was 70., while the observed removed was 0. The expected removed was 70*3/200=1.05. The chi-square analysis for the blue was(0-1.05)^2/1.05= .0024. For day one, the lime larvae was 66, while the observed removed was 0. THe expected removed was 66*3/200= .99. The chi-square analysis for the green larvae was (0-.99)^2/.99=.99. In order to find the chi-square analysis for the total # of prey by color (combining AM and PM data) on day #1, you would simply add up all the chi-square numbers calculated and compare it to the (x^2 0.05, 2=5.991). In our case we added up 1.1+ .0024 + .99=2.0924. The results for eight, the red larvae deloped was , while the obsereved removed was 19. The expected removed were 75*19/200=7.1. The chi square analysis for the red larvae deployed was (19-7.1)^2/7.1=19.9. For day 8 the blue larvae developed was 70, while the observed removed was 0. The expected removed were 70*1 9/200=6.7. THe chi-square analysis for the blue larvae was (0-6.7)^2/6.7=6.7. For day 8 of the lime larvae, deployed was 55, while the observed removed was 0. The expected removed were 55*19/200=5.2. THe chi square analyis for the lime was (0-5.2)^2/5.2=5.2. When all of these are added up, the total chi square analysis was 19.9+6.7+5.2=31.8For the time period in which the number of prey was removed, you calculated the chi anaylsis for the AM and period PM of they eight. For the time perid of AM we would take the number, of larvae deployed, times the number removed divided by the total number deployed for the AM time period. Then we would add them up to get the chi analysis. For the expected removed for red larvae, the calculated was 36*9/100=3.24. For the expected removed number of blue, we calculated 35*9/100=3.15. For expected removed number of lime larvae, we calculated 26*9/100=2.34. To calculate the chi analysis for red larvae we would take the number removed minus the expected , then square it and divide by the number expected. That is (9-3.24)^2/3.24= 10.24. To find the chi analysis for the blue larvae you would calculate, (0-3.15)^2/3.15=3.15. To calculate the chi square analysis for the lime larvae you would calculate (0-2.43)^2/2.34=2.34. When all of these are added up 10.24+3.15+2.43=15.82For the time period of PM, wwe would also take the number of larvae deployed, time the number removed removed divived by the total number deployed for the PM time period. Then we would add it up to find the chi analysis for the PM period. For the expected removed for red larvae, the calculated was 36(10)/100=3.6. For the expected removed for blue 35(10)/100=3.5. For the expected removed red larvae, the calculated was 29(10)/100=2.9. To calculate the chi analysis was the red larvae, you take the number removed minus the expected, then square it and divide by the numberexpected. That is (10-3.6)^2/100=11.37. To find the chi analysis for the blue larvae, you would cal culate, (0-3.5)^2/3.5=3.5. To find the chi analysis for the lime larvae, the calculate was (0-2.9)^2/2.9. When all of these are added up 11.37+3.5+2.9=17.8. William Shakespeare 's Othello - Jealousy examples EssayAccording to the graphs, the birds preyed upon the red larvae the most. The red larvea was 100% palatable and 0% unpalatable. I expected the red larvae to be preyed upon the most, but what shocked me was the amount of lime that was still being preyed on while the birds approched the eighth day. I thought that since there was only 25% of the lime larvae that was palable the would have picked it up right away. Even the blue larvae was removed about as much as s the lime was another indication that mimicry had occured. The blue was only 25% unpalatable there fore it should have yeilded much higher results than the lime. Some times as was a little confused as to whether my accepting or rejecting a null hypothesis was correct. This is because the chi square analysis isnt a procedure thatalways ccurately reject or support the null hypothesis. The chi square analysis is most likely a test of randomness, rather than a test for support ing or rejecting the null hypothesis. This is also why we say that we fail to rejact it, because, just because we fail to reject it doesnt mean that it is correct, therefore we cannot accept it. This is also why it is good to have graphs, in an experiment like this one, so that they can back up your results and hypothesis, because it is giving you a visual sense of what is going on. BibliographyCharlene NgongScience