Disorders Involving the Sex Chromosomes Term Paper

Disorders Involving the Sex Chromosomes - Term Paper ExampleThe chromosomes atomic number 18 numbered much(prenominal) that they argon given the numerical figures 1..22 and the 23rd is the one that determines the individual sex. In total there are 23 chromosomes in human beings, the 23d being the sex chromosome with x and y as the determinants. In the public female, the chromosome number 23 will read xx while that of the male will be construe XY (Pinsky, Erickson and Schimke 234). The alteration of the normal reading school principals to what is called chromosomal disorders. The chromosomal disorders leads to the addition or deletion of either X or Y-chromosomes. Several disorders have been identified as disorders in the sex chromosomes and demonstrate distinct characteristics as manifested phenotypically (Goldberg 157). It must be noted that there are signifi shadowt difference between the disorders that arise from the autosomal chromosomes (122) and those of the sex chromosom es (Passarge 98). The chromosomes that determine sex in man is coded as XY while that of females is XX, the alteration of the arrangements may lead to any of the following conditions. Turner Syndrome It is coded as XO it is referred to as monosomy X given that the complement Y-chromosomes is missing. The fact that the syndrome results into notwithstanding one X chromosome without the Y chromosome, such individuals are always females (Milunsky and Milunsky 245). The incidence of the syndrome is quite uncommon and give the sack only be found one in every five thousand people. One of the close significant effects of the condition is sterility (Milunsky and Milunsky 256). Klinefelter Syndrome This is also a rare syndrome as for every kilobyte there is only one person with the condition. Unlike Turners syndrome that involves deletion of the Y chromosome, it involves the addition of the X chromosomes (Goldberg 165). The syndrome can appear in two forms XXY or XXXY. Most of the individ uals affected by this kind of disorder are males due to the presence of the Y-chromosomes. The presence of the compounded X chromosomes makes the individuals with the condition to posses female like qualities. The individuals are stereotypical and in the cases of the XXXY type retardation may results (Goldberg 184). Jacobs Syndrome In the Jacobs syndrome the individuals have the sex chromosomes coded as XYY, there is an supererogatory Y chromosome and the individuals are always males or abnormally manifest male characteristics (Passarge 112). These individuals are supper human beings as they are very tall and in many cases may suffer from acne. Research also indicates that around of these people are criminals as they show abnormally high-level aggression and most of the inmates are of these conditions. The relative frequence of this syndrome is 1 in every 2000 (Passarge 119). Triple-X Most of the individuals in this category are females as the syndrome involves the addition of the X chromosome and the various codes are as follows XXX, XXXX, and XXXXX (Pinsky, Erickson and Schimke 253). Due to the extra X chromosomes, the casualties assume abnormal female characteristics and the associated problems such as those of infertility as well as retarded mental acuity. The occurrence of this syndrome is in the frequency of 1 in every 700 individuals (Pinsky, Erickson and Schimke 257). With the realization of the fact that sex chromosomes have defects that can lead to the changes in the phenotypic characteristics of individuals has sparked a series of researches in the field of genetics. One of the current research researches that is currently on going is the identification of the component of that is essential

Are there ever circumstances in which nations are justified in Essay

Are there ever deal in which nations atomic number 18 fullified in suspending the honors of state of contend - Essay ExampleThe law also gives a time geological period that the state of war should continue. This is considered in the international humanitarian law that insists that the war time conduct should be hold to acceptable volumes. on that pointfore, the war should only continue to a certain length of time. On the other hand, just war theory deals with issues that are related to why and how wars are fought between countries, states and regions. Some wars are warrant as they have a noble ca uptake. This brings the point where countries have to engage in wars that have a solid bearing and they should be fought. In this historic aspect of war, there are traditions that are nowadays inclined to rules of agreement where they have been applied across m all wars across the world. In m both(prenominal) times, bulk use their philosophical conventions to decide on these pa rticular decisions. War does rely on the use of munition and strategy, to ensure a country protects its interests. Since time immemorial, peck have been fighting in the world with different causes implicated to the beginning of the war. With the prevalence in fighting, battalion have been blaming each other for the fighting (Shanahan, 200534). There are many aspects that go beyond historical philosophy, philosophy of the incumbent law and the political story of a place or country that could lead to suspension of laws of war. They deem to protect countries, human charge and any group of people (Duffield, 200731). They have to consider all other options that would be prominent in securing human life. Many historical figures have had their fair share of reflection on the issue of war and have generated their strong recommendations. This includes philosophical leaders, religious leaders and political bigwigs. There are many circumstances where a country has to suspend laws of war, since there are other interests that should be protected. As a fact, war is openly referred to as a brutal enterprise that is used to solve problems. However, Carl von Clausewitz states that war is a pertinacity of policies that are implemented in other means. In this statement, he suggests that war is violent ways of ensuring people adhere to the stated rules. The leaders in such countries do not have an option of figure out and implementing the policies in a peaceful way, and have to consider forceful implementation (Nathanson, 201045). This leads to eruption of war in a country, which could go on for a long period of time. In his word, circumstances that lead to war are about the will to perform what other people are suggesting. Therefore, war only erupts when people refuse to do what is to be done and oppose the will of the implementing leaders. Before engaging in any warfare, countries have to consult the law of war. However, countries evaluate the laws of war and decide to suspend them. These are set criteria that countries should use before engaging in any war. Therefore, countries do make decisions before engaging in any act of war. This is well explained in the jus ad bellum which gives the country the right perspectives before engaging in any war. As such, this is a universal law that has to be consulted before taking any actions that might stake the peaceful coexistence of the world. As a fact, these laws were incepted to ensure that countries only engaged in wars that were justified (Coady, 200741). Therefore, this is a law that ensures countries and other parties engage in wars that are justified, and should avoid any

Best training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

lift out planning - Essay ExampleReason for Ranking PNC and BB&T Banks top in Training Indeed, the agreement explaining the high-ranking of the PNC and BB&T banks was their ability to embrace technology in training. Precisely, when the PNC bank automated the loan action and adopted the electronic system, they started the program that facilitated online learning (Guerrie, 2008). As a result, the users had to adjust to the new technology with virtual learning. Basically, the system increased the number of trainees, thereby, making the bank an intensive financial training institution. due to the complex learning, the bank incorporated the experts in formulating the training see (Guerrie, 2008). In reality, the completed training design was in time, very effective and highly successful. In BB&T bank, their intention of developing the transferable and applicable learning technology made them a reputable training institution. In fact, the system was an innovative vogue of ensuring that the employees achieved excellence through learning. In addition, the technological training would help in integrating the vision, values and the ancestry strategies (Guerrie, 2008). The advancement was very creative and intended to make the company outstanding. Apparently, the creative and technological approach to the dish out of training, made the PNC and BB&T banks bear on the highest ratings. ... As well, the training improved the workers performance, in terms of efficiency and forcefulness in the production process (Guerrie, 2008). The electronic system that the two corporations embraced replaced the manual operations, making the service rake faster and right. In addition, the technology leveraged most of the tools used in the corporations and enhanced the relations among the employees, the customers and the stakeholders working with the corporations. In those aspects, the two corporations tied their training and development, specifically, to their strategic goals, corporate goals and the competitive edge to their competitors in the market. Ways where the Companies reconcile the Best Practice Organizations for Learning and Development Notable, the paper has outlined that learning and development are complementary, mean that one exist to complement the other. For example, training facilitates the development of a corporation. In this context, the PNC and BB&T Banks represent the best practice organizations for training and development, specifically in relation through adopting the practice of technological training. Indeed, the technological approach to training the workers is a modern practice that enhances efficiency and effectiveness of the work (Guerrie, 2008). Through the use of technology, the corporations meet accuracy and prompt execution of duties. Often, the application that aims at achieving the organizational goals is the best practice that it should embrace (Guerrie, 2008). For example, the training that the workers received shap ed their performance culture to match the current organizational needs. Moreover, the training enabled the management to optic on the transformation

Explain the growth in the concentration of media ownership around the Assignment

Explain the growth in the concentration of media ownership around the world - assigning ExampleFounded and headquartered in Australia, the company now boasts of being the number one newspaper publisher in the world, with a cumulative daily readership of 14 million in these three countries alone. Murdoch has a near monopoly in the media space in Australia, owning two-thirds of all newspaper circulation in the country. Across the Tasman Sea, in New Zealand, he owns virtually half. Further, he is the owner of two fifths of the Australian Associated Press. (Knowlton & Parsons, 2005, p. 200) These holdings argon notwithstanding his considerable market share in Britain and the United States. These statistics bear testimony to the Murdochs media monopoly. Between the lines one can read the dangers posed by monopoly in an industry that is crucial to socio-cultural discourse.One of the negative consequences of media concentration is that it nullifies ethical standards of journalism. News corps official Standards of Business Conduct (SBC) document makes some bold claims. But the companys veritable behaviour is contradictory to these claims. For example, in the area of building trust with business partners and customers, it claims that trust and integrity are of utmost importance. The manner in which the company actually functions makes a mockery of these ethical concerns. There are several instances where News Corp had colluded with political organizations to attain favourable deals.One of the first instances of News Corps opportunistic use of political connections came to light in1995. Murdoch struck a book deal with the indeed House Speaker of the United States Congress Newt Gingrich for a substantial sum of $4.5 million. The ethical problem was obvious in this case. Murdoch, who was even at that time an influential and trans-global media personality, owned a newspaper grasp and several television stations. He stood to gain enormously through the relationship w ith the Speaker. It was only after sedate public

Individual case Study analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual analysis - causa Study ExampleHowever, within the combination of various factors that influence development, the government of Ireland embraces peace and socio-cultural integration so that the country is able to recognize business partners as part of their economic development stakeholders hence manipulation business partners with the diligent they require. Cut in government spending is also a factor which boosted mathematical operation of the economy of Ireland. Tax reduction was meant to reduce cost of investment and attract contrasted investors in the country. That is wherefore Microsoft was attracted to invest in information technology business in Ireland which generated a lot to economic activities and contributed positively towards the gross domestic product. Economic systems With control over the inflation, the country is able to gain from Foreign channelise Investment (FDI) increase the number of business transaction between traders and intergovernmental orga nization to the benefit of the country. However, with peaceful enactment in government, the economic state of the country has withstood the tough global economic challenges that face many countries in the global market resulting into heavy losses in business and trade as a total (Gordon Bigelow, 2003, p. 45). The overall ability of a country to attract foreign investment also depends on membership of an economic trading block. In case of Ireland membership of European economic commission not unless provided market to the country but also enabled it to diversify its export products. Initially Ireland depended on the markets of the united res publica alone which relied mostly on agricultural products only. Through membership of the economic block Ireland was able to dissipate up to competition for its products as well (Philip, 2000, p. 17). In accordance with the PESTEL system, it is important to highlight the role vie by the legal issues to ensure that all trade processes are carried out in accordance with the Irish business laws so as to reduce suspicion on unwarranted business deals that are presumable to jeopardize the economic state of the country. With the aid of available technology, Ireland was able to engage other countries into trade understanding within the global business laws so as to restrict illegal business while increasing legalized trade between countries and Ireland (Thomas A. Boylan, 2003, p. 64). Further, due to the attractiveness of the country integrated with PESTEL, Ireland was able to provide control, and benefit for foreign companies which overcame the cost and risks they uncured leading to high foreign direct investment. The tremendous economic growth is as a result of government commitment in the pledge to sustain and trusted regulations that would stabilize the policy-making and socio-economic development to eradicate global recession for instance the 2008 recession that was felt by all the global financial controllers (Ph ilip, 2000, p. 104). Many countries prefers trade with Ireland from the 2008 experience where Ireland stood out as the only country that was not agitate by the 2008 economic recession, this greatly influenced the countrys GDP (Gross Domestic Product), this would lead to long marge economic performance in the country (Philip, 2000, p. 89). In the initial stage, the independence

Stigma and discrimination add to the suffering and disability Essay

Stigma and variety append to the miserable and disability associated with cordial disorders - undertake ExamplePatients of mental conditions, their friends, families and wellness c are workers such as nurses concur that these patients are exposed to instead high levels of social dishonor and discrimination due to their mental ill wellness (Margaret & Janine, 2011). These discriminations and stigma m otherwise it rather difficult for mentally ill people to recover and worsens their pains and suffering.Given the prevalence of mental health conditions in current familiarity, the effects of stigma and discrimination on mental patients can be verbalise to affect a rather large portion of the population That is, these problems extend to and affect mental health patients friends, families, colleagues, care providers and the larger hunting lodge. In the UK, statistics show that about one in four people are likely to experience a mental health problem at some stage in their lives. Globally, there are 450 million people with mental health problems (Patel & Prince, 2012). On a rather prescribed none, most victims of mental illnesses recover fully to live and manage normal lives, especially when they get captivate and timely help. The social stigma associated with mental illnesses has been closely associated with the discrimination that mentally ill people smell in different aspects of their lives (Corrigan & Kleinlein, 2005). Notably, many of these patients pain, suffering and other problems are worsened by the stigma and the resultant role discrimination they experience from the public and their families, friends, colleagues and employers (Kitchener & Jorm, 2002).This study seeks to explore the extent to which stigmatization and discrimination add to the suffering and disabilities of the mentally ill. Rationale/Background/Justification From literatures and studies conducted in the field of mental health with reference to stigma and discrimination, it is q uite clear that the stigma and discrimination faced by the mentally ill really decline their suffering, exacerbate their disabilities and reduce their chances of partial or full recovery. In other words, stigma and discrimination not only worsen these patients health problems but also impede their receipt of assistance, treatment and recovery (Hilton, 2006). The other effects of mental-health stigma and discrimination are social isolation, poor housing, unemployment and poverty (Burke, 2010). Purpose of the Study 1. make water the existence and the severity of the stigma and discrimination faced by the mentally ill in society 2. Explore the various causes of the stigma and discrimination faced by the mentally ill in society 3. Explore the extent to which the subject of the stigma and discrimination faced by the mentally ill in society has been researched 4. Propose techniques by which stakeholders such as nurses, families, friends, governments, institutions and NGOs may combine ef forts to reduced this stigma and discrimination Research Question Do the stigma and discrimination faced by mental health patients add to their suffering and disabilities? Keywords Stigma, mental disorders, discrimination, disabilities, suffering, mental illness, Stereotypes Literature Review The methodology to be used in peeping literatures in this research go forth encompass diverse categories of print and non-print resources that focus on the issues and subjects of mental health, mental illnesses, stigma and discrimination and their effects on mental health patients, their friends, families and caregivers. Other subjects to be focused on will be the extent to which stigma and discrimination affect the recovery of mental health patients and the future(a) prospects for mental health stakeholders with regards to the stigmatization and discrimination that the mentally ill face (Weare, 2000). Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria The accessed and reviewed literatures will have to meet c ertain rigorous exclusion and

SLP Evolution of the Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SLP Evolution of the Problem - Essay ExampleHowever this cannot happen because the patients require medicines to take make do of their ailments and illnesses, and they will keep going to the medics to make sure they remain healed. As far as the stakeholders of Medic ar are concerned, the rising costs mean that they need to stupefy more inventories within their ranks, which would mean that the expiry dates of the medicines would be close and hence some of these medicines would be redundant with the passage of time. The implications of this problem are immense as these could lead to shortage of customers within the markets and hence the stakeholders might feel that they have been hard done by.The Medicare stakeholders have a responsibility with regards to their business, and one must understand the same because the prescription drugs are indeed very quintessential. If the Medicare stakeholders find out alternatives, it is for their own good in the long run (Dukes 2001). When it com es to patients, one can sustain the gravity of the scenario since they are the ones who would have to purchase inferior medicines at the expense of the ones that are prescribed by the doctors and medics. This is in direct contrast of the philosophy of giving the best possible treatment to the patients and as situated down in the Medicare regimes. The politics of international pricing have hurt the cause of these prescription drugs and the stakeholders are bearing the brunt for the same. There needs to be found a way which can tackle such(prenominal) regimes once and for all within the domains of the patients as well as the stakeholders (Harrison 2004). The major players within the field of medicines and health regimes are bringing in changes which have made the prices of these medicines and especially the prescription drugs out of control. These cost issues should be handled in such a way that attention is paid on the provision of the prescription drugs to the patients and the

The Work of Michel Foucault in Contemporary Criminology Research Paper

The Work of Michel Foucault in Contemporary Criminology - Research subject ExampleThe works of Michel Foucault, who is considered to be an influential thinker during the 20th century, have proved to be relevant in contemporary criminology. The field of criminology is based on two clear approaches. The first approach generally focuses on what causes crimes, singles out criminogenic social conditions and examines criminals. The second approach, which is current, deals with analyzing forms of penalty and checking for any faults so as to name the degree of state encroachment on personal rights and liberty. One of Foucaults works, Discipline and Punish, which was a retain he wrote in 1975, examines punishment in its social context. It changed the way people viewed the prison system. The book clear reveals how he came about(predicate) with his main theme of power and domination. In his book, he talks about how prisons came about and clearly reveals its history. He also points out the growing number of prisons despite the fact of them not be successful. The rise in the number of prisons and criminals in the US and Britain proves his point. The book reveals his thoughts on how elite people in the society have power and control over everyone. According to Foucault, prisons subjected people to live their lives according to the disciplines that were impose by the government. He adds on that there have been no improvements in the society since Renaissance and that the just thing that has developed is the technology that has been employed to enslave the spirits of people in our societies.

The Cold War and Civil Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Cold War and Civil Rights - Essay ExampleThe interposition of African Americans in coupled States was seen as benefiting the Soviet Union which used the United States Civil Rights records to their advantage by barefacedly distorting the treatment of the minority groups. The aim of much(prenominal) propaganda by the Soviet Union Presidents armorial bearing on Civil Rights notes was to create hostility towards us among specific nations, races and religious groups (235). The leadership in the United States saw treatment of its minority races as presenting a negative picture of the country especially when it aimed at endearing the other countries in the world to its capitalism ideology. African Americans in the US began to demand a change of the panache the minority races were treated given that the Soviet Union was using such treatment to vociferation the United States call for democracy was an empty fraud (Wilson 235). Therefore, in the 1940s, it became clear that for the US to claim to represent democratic principles, it had to eradicate the discriminations against African Americans especially in the areas of employment voting and housing. The 1950s was a decisive period for the Civil Rights Movement given that it is the time many African Americans people win their antidiscrimination cases in the court. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. became the face of the civil rights movement with his call for peaceful demonstrations against racial discrimination. Although there were some violent protests against the discrimination of African Americans, the nonviolent movement under King Jr. Was more(prenominal) successful in the areas such as education and freedom to use other social comforts such as the transport system. Following the capital of Alabama incident where Rosa Parks refuse to deliver her seat to a white commuter, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. led the African American community in a one year Montgomery bus boycott. In his speech, King noted the reason fo r the gathering as due to the love for democracy, there was a need for end of racial discrimination against African Americans and King precious to see democracy transforms from thin paper to thick action. The civil rights movements saw the Montgomery incidence as a catalyst for the African Americans to begin demanding for change. They were tired of the historical segregation policies that had denied them of their rights American citizens. It was now a time for the people to retaliate and assert themselves and get the situation corrected (Luther 263). The truly fact that the rest of the world was watching the civil rights movement in US during the 1950s ensured the reception of previously reluctant U.S. policymakers to the demands of the African American freedom movement. In alluding to the democratic principles of the American society, King was incompatible the constitutional rights of all the American citizens to the reality of what was being practiced. The US and her allies at the time wanted to spread their democratic ideology which had freedom as its important pillar. Civil right activists took advantage of such principles to bring to light the discrimination of African Americans so that they could force a change in the way African